Apologia Biology Fall Final Exam REVIEW Part B (mods 4-7)

Front

What is the second phase of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the second phase of protein synthesis where the mRNA is decoded to form a polypeptide chain.

Front

Where does translation occur?

Back

Translation occurs in the ribosome, which is the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.

Front

What are the three main ideas of the cell theory?

Back

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Front

What is the process that goes from mRNA to tRNA to Amino Acids to Protein?

Back

This process is called translation, where the genetic code from mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids.

Front

Which organelle contains its own DNA?

Back

Mitochondria contain their own DNA, which is distinct from the nuclear DNA of the cell.

Front

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the first phase of protein synthesis where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in cells?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where they translate mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the basic unit of life?

Back

The cell is considered the basic unit of life, as it is the smallest structure capable of performing all life processes.

Front

What is the significance of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.