AP Biology: Unit 1 Review (CED)

Front

Why is water considered polar?

Back

Water is considered polar due to the presence of polar covalent bonds, where electrons are shared unequally between oxygen and hydrogen atoms, resulting in a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms.

Front

What is the process of forming a bond between monomers with the removal of a water molecule called?

Back

The process is called Dehydration synthesis (or condensation), where two monomers bond together, releasing a water molecule.

Front

In which direction is DNA/RNA synthesized?

Back

DNA/RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning new nucleotides are added to the 3' hydroxyl end of the growing strand.

Front

Which component is NOT part of a protein monomer?

Back

Nitrogenous Base is NOT part of a protein monomer; protein monomers (amino acids) consist of an amine group, carboxyl group, and R group.

Front

How do phospholipids orient in a cell membrane?

Back

Phospholipids orient in a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing the exterior and hydrophobic tails facing inward, away from water.

Front

What type of bond forms between water molecules?

Back

Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules due to the attraction between the partial positive charge of hydrogen atoms and the partial negative charge of oxygen atoms.

Front

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Back

The primary structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Back

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds, resulting in a kinked structure.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.