Living Environment Mid-Term Review

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What are homologous structures?

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Homologous structures are anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestry, indicating evolutionary relationships. Example: The forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

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Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy through cellular respiration, converting glucose and oxygen into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

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What does the term 'biotic' refer to in an ecosystem?

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Biotic refers to the living components of an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.

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What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?

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Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the soil and supporting plant growth.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

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What is biodiversity?

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Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including the number of different species and genetic diversity.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-5

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What are autotrophs?

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Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, such as plants and some bacteria.

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What is the impact of urbanization on ecosystems?

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Urbanization can lead to habitat destruction, reduced biodiversity, and changes in local climate and water cycles.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

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What is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors?

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Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem (e.g., water, soil, climate), while biotic factors are living components (e.g., plants, animals).

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

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What is an example of a vestigial structure?

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An example of a vestigial structure is the human appendix, which is a remnant of a larger cecum used for digesting cellulose in herbivorous ancestors.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

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What is the significance of the fossil record?

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The fossil record provides evidence of past life forms, their evolution, and the changes in biodiversity over time.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1