Biology Semester 1 Finals Review

Front

What type of cell is a plant cell?

Back

A plant cell is a eukaryotic cell that has a defined nucleus and organelles, including a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.

Front

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

Back

Chloroplasts convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose through the process of photosynthesis.

Front

What type of bond joins nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds join nitrogenous bases in DNA, allowing the two strands to connect and form the double helix structure.

Front

How is a solution defined as isotonic?

Back

A solution is isotonic when it has the same concentration of solutes as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water across the cell membrane.

Front

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

Back

Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Front

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Back

The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the plant cell, maintaining its shape and preventing excessive water uptake.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

Define prokaryotic cells.

Back

Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

Front

What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?

Back

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell, causing water to leave the cell, while a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes, causing water to enter the cell.

Front

What are the main components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose or ribose), and a nitrogenous base.