Protein Synthesis Flashcard

A codon is a sequence of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid to be added during protein synthesis.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are twenty different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.

A silent substitution mutation is a type of mutation where a single nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein.

The DNA code AAG AGG translates into the amino acids Lysine and Arginine, which are essential for protein synthesis.

An addition mutation is a type of mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence, potentially altering the resulting protein.

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the codon on mRNA.

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Nitrogenous bases are the building blocks of nucleotides in DNA and RNA. The four bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

A substitution mutation is a type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, which may or may not affect the amino acid sequence.

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.