Probability and Statistics Review

The upper quartile (Q3) is the value that separates the highest 25% of the data from the lowest 75%. It is the median of the upper half of the data set.

Probability can be expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percent.

The theoretical probability of pulling a red marble is 3/9 or 1/3.

The theoretical probability of picking an even number is 1/2.

The range is found by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value in the data set.

The mean is calculated by adding all the values in the data set and dividing by the number of values.

The median is the middle value when the data set is ordered from least to greatest. If there is an even number of values, the median is the average of the two middle values.

A probability distribution is a function that describes the likelihood of obtaining the possible values that a random variable can take.

Standard deviation measures the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.

Independent events are those whose outcomes do not affect each other, while dependent events are those where the outcome of one event affects the outcome of another.