AP Chem Unit 4 Review

Front

What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

Back

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a substance that donates a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction.

Front

What is the definition of a Brønsted-Lowry base?

Back

A Brønsted-Lowry base is a substance that accepts a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction.

Front

What are spectator ions?

Back

Spectator ions are ions that do not participate in the actual chemical reaction and remain unchanged in the solution.

Front

What is the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?

Back

0

Front

What is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change?

Back

A chemical change results in the formation of new substances, while a physical change alters the form of a substance but not its chemical composition.

Front

What is the equilibrium constant (K) in a chemical reaction?

Back

The equilibrium constant (K) is a number that expresses the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium.

Front

What does it mean if K < 1 in a reaction?

Back

If K < 1, it indicates that the reactants are favored at equilibrium, meaning there are more reactants than products.

Front

What is the role of water in acid-base reactions?

Back

Water can act as both an acid and a base, depending on the substances it interacts with.

Front

What is the formula for calculating pH?

Back

pH = -log[H+], where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Front

What is the significance of the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.