24/25 Fall Final Review Biomolecules - Cell membrane/boundaries

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They contain an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain (R group).

Front

What are prokaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are generally smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells.

Front

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Back

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that contains their genetic material, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

Front

What elements are found in all four major biomolecules?

Back

The four major biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) all contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Front

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.

Front

What are the four major types of biomolecules?

Back

The four major types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is a phospholipid?

Back

A phospholipid is a type of lipid that forms the cell membrane, consisting of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) 'head' and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) 'tails'.

Front

What role do proteins play in the cell?

Back

Proteins serve various functions including catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), providing structural support, and facilitating communication and transport within and between cells.

Front

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Back

Carbohydrates primarily serve as a source of energy and are also involved in cell recognition and signaling.