Occurring as a result of human influence.

Groundwater resources in a defined area.

The deliberate breeding of species to enhance desirable traits.

The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth, held in place by gravity.

Atmospheric inversion

A stable atmospheric condition where cool air is trapped beneath a layer of warmer air.

Water occurring in the atmosphere in vapor, liquid, or solid forms.

The occurrence of chemicals in much higher concentrations in organisms than in the ambient environment.

The richness of biological variation, including genetic variability and species richness.

The current era of high rates of species extinction and reduction in biodiversity.

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

The capacity of organic matter in water to consume oxygen during decomposition.

The tendency for top predators to have high residues of chemicals that persist and move through the food chain.

The chemical potential energy of plant biomass, used for thermal energy.

A geographically extensive ecosystem suitable for specific environmental conditions.

All life on Earth, plus their ecosystems and environments.

A freshwater wetland of soft, spongy ground with partially decayed plant matter, called peat.

Boreal coniferous forest

A northern forest dominated by coniferous trees like fir, larch, pine, or spruce.

Inadvertent harvesting of a non-target species.

Carnivore (secondary consumer)

An animal that hunts and eats other animals

The number of organisms that can be sustained indefinitely without the habitat becoming degraded

A shrub-dominated ecosystem that occurs in south-temperate environments with winter rains and summer drought

Subcellular unit composed of DNA and containing the genetic information of eukaryotic organisms

The harvesting of all economically useful trees from an area at the same time

The prevailing, long-term, meteorological conditions of a place or region, including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and other factors

Long-term changes in air, soil, or water temperature; precipitation regimes; wind speed; or other climate-related factors

A carbon-rich, solid fossil fuel mined from sedimentary geological formations

Community (in ecology)

Populations of various species that are co-occurring at the same time and place

A decrease in the pore space of soil or sediment (or increased bulk density) caused by the passage of heavy machinery

A biological interaction occurring when the demand for an ecological resource exceeds its limited supply, causing organisms to interfere with each other

A species that is dominant in a habitat in which disturbance is rare and environmental stresses are unimportant

Partially decomposed, well-humified organic material

The process of encouraging decomposition of discarded organic matter under warm, moist, oxygen-rich conditions

Wise use of natural resources; includes recycling and ensuring that harvesting does not exceed the rate of regeneration of the stock

The presence of potentially damaging chemicals in the environment

Control (control treatment)

An experimental treatment that was not manipulated and is intended for comparison with manipulated treatments

Earth’s massive interior, made up of hot molten metals

An influence of Earth’s west-to-east rotation, which makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere deflect to the right and those in the Southern Hemisphere deflect to the left

The outermost layer of Earth’s sphere, overlying the lithosphere and composed mostly of crystalline rocks

The decomposition or oxidation of dead biomass, mostly through the actions of microorganisms

A heterotroph that feeds on dead organic matter

A permanent conversion of forest into some other kind of ecosystem, such as agriculture or urbanized land use

The microbial reduction of nitrate (NO₃⁻) into gaseous N₂O or N₂

A temperate or tropical biome characterized by low yearly precipitation, usually receiving less than 25 cm of precipitation per year

Science Terms Flashcards

Student preview

100 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Acid rain

Back

Acid deposition from rain combining with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, resulting in rain with a pH of 4.0.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Aerobic

Back

Refers to an environment where oxygen (O₂) is readily available.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Age-structure diagram

Back

A diagram showing the proportions of individuals in various age classes of a population.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Agroforestry

Back

The cultivation of trees in plantations using relatively intensive management practices.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Algal bloom

Back

An event of high phytoplankton biomass.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Ammonification

Back

The oxidation of organically bound nitrogen of dead biomass into ammonium (NH₄⁺).

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Anaerobic

Back

Refers to an environment with no free oxygen (O₂).

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