DC Bio Ch. 17, 18, and 19 Review

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus and is the first step in gene expression.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA template. It occurs in the cytoplasm.

Front

What are the RNA bases that pair with TACGAA during transcription?

Back

AUGCUU are the RNA bases that pair with TACGAA during transcription.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that shift the reading frame of the genetic message.

Front

What is an immediate nonsense mutation?

Back

An immediate nonsense mutation is a type of frameshift mutation that results in the premature termination of protein synthesis due to a stop codon being introduced too early.

Front

What are promoters?

Back

Promoters are specific DNA sequences that signal the start of transcription. They are located upstream of the gene.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as a template for protein synthesis, carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during translation.

Front

What is the significance of start codons?

Back

Start codons signal the beginning of translation and are typically AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine.