AP S1 Exam Review 1

Front

What is the role of glutamine synthetase in glutamine synthesis?

Back

Glutamine synthetase catalyzes the formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia, coupling an exothermic reaction to drive an endothermic reaction.

Front

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

Back

Water is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to a partial negative charge on the oxygen and partial positive charges on the hydrogens.

Front

What does Chargaff's rule state about DNA base pairing?

Back

Chargaff's rule states that in DNA, the amount of adenine (A) is approximately equal to thymine (T), and the amount of guanine (G) is approximately equal to cytosine (C).

Front

What happens to the space between water molecules as liquid water freezes?

Back

As liquid water becomes ice, the space between water molecules increases due to the formation of a crystalline structure.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is the process of moving particles across a cell membrane through channel proteins, following their concentration gradient without the use of ATP.

Front

Define endothermic reaction.

Back

An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually in the form of heat.

Front

Define exothermic reaction.

Back

An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat.

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond.

Front

Explain the significance of hydrogen bonds in water.

Back

Hydrogen bonds in water contribute to its unique properties, such as high surface tension, high specific heat, and the ability to dissolve many substances.

Front

What is the function of channel proteins in a cell membrane?

Back

Channel proteins facilitate the transport of specific molecules across the cell membrane, allowing substances to move in and out of the cell.