MP2 9 Weeks Test Review

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What is achondroplasia?

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Achondroplasia is an inherited condition characterized by a specific form of dwarfism caused by a mutation in the FGFR3 gene, leading to abnormal bone growth.

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What does it mean for an allele to be dominant?

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A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype, overshadowing the effect of a recessive allele.

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What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant individual?

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The genotype of a homozygous dominant individual is represented as 'AA', where both alleles are the same and dominant.

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What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive individual?

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The genotype of a homozygous recessive individual is represented as 'aa', where both alleles are the same and recessive.

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In a genetic cross, what does 'BBEE x bbee' represent?

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This represents a cross between a homozygous dominant individual for two traits (BBEE) and a homozygous recessive individual for the same traits (bbee).

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What is the significance of 'crossing over' during meiosis?

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'Crossing over' is a process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to genetic variation in gametes.

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What is the role of genes in the development of physical traits?

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Genes provide the instructions for the development of physical traits, influencing characteristics such as height, eye color, and other inherited features.

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What is the evolutionary significance of vestigial structures?

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Vestigial structures are remnants of organs or traits that were functional in ancestral species but are no longer useful, indicating evolutionary change.

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What is the process of transcription in protein synthesis?

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Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome.

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What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as a template for translating genetic information into proteins by carrying the code from DNA to the ribosome.