DNA, RNA, Central Dogma

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins. It is involved in translating the genetic information from DNA into proteins.

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What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

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The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It outlines the processes of transcription and translation.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

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What is a complementary DNA strand?

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A complementary DNA strand is the opposite sequence of nucleotides that pairs with a given DNA strand, following base pairing rules (A-T, C-G).

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What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

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A genetically modified organism is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques to introduce desired traits.

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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA.

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What is the significance of DNA replication?

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DNA replication is crucial for cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic information.