AP Chemistry Midterm Review

Front

What is the chemical formula for the polyatomic ion sulfate?

Back

Front

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

Back

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton (H+). For example, in the reaction CH₃CH₂COOH + H₂O ⇄ CH₃CH₂COO⁻ + H₃O⁺, the pair is CH₃CH₂COOH and CH₃CH₂COO⁻.

Front

What is an ideal gas?

Back

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many particles that are in constant random motion and do not interact with each other, except during elastic collisions.

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary dipoles in molecules, which occur due to the movement of electrons.

Front

Which molecule experiences the strongest London dispersion forces: CH₄, C₂H₆, or C₃H₈?

Back

C₃H₈ experiences the strongest London dispersion forces due to its larger number of electrons and greater surface area.

Front

What is the melting point of KCl?

Back

KCl has a melting point of approximately 750°C.

Front

What are the characteristics of ionic compounds?

Back

Ionic compounds are typically brittle, have high melting and boiling points, and do not conduct electricity in solid form but do when melted or dissolved in water.

Front

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Back

A strong acid completely dissociates in solution, while a weak acid only partially dissociates.

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (strongly acidic) to 14 (strongly basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

What is the principle of conservation of mass?

Back

The principle of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.