Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism Practice Flashcard

Front

What is a catabolic reaction?

Back

A catabolic reaction is a metabolic process that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy. An example is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

Front

What hormone is produced in the pancreas that lowers blood sugar?

Back

Insulin is the hormone produced in the pancreas that lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Front

What is glycogenolysis?

Back

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic process of breaking down glycogen into glucose, which can then be used for energy.

Front

What is gluconeogenesis?

Back

Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol.

Front

What role does adrenaline play during exercise?

Back

Adrenaline stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, providing energy for muscle activity during exercise.

Front

Define glycolysis.

Back

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

Front

What is the primary function of glucagon?

Back

Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.

Front

Explain the difference between catabolism and anabolism.

Back

Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to release energy, while anabolism is the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy.

Front

What is beta oxidation?

Back

Beta oxidation is the metabolic process of breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units for energy production.

Front

What is the significance of ATP in metabolism?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.