DNA transcription and translation

Front

What is DNA transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the role of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transfers specific amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins, consisting of codons that correspond to specific amino acids.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and signals the start of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the stop codon?

Back

Codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) that signal the termination of protein synthesis.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What are ribosomes made of?

Back

Ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.