Units 1 and 2 Semester Review

Front

What is thermal equilibrium?

Back

Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two or more bodies in thermal contact no longer exchange energy by heat, resulting in uniform temperature throughout the system.

Front

How does thermal equilibrium affect the random motion of particles?

Back

Thermal equilibrium ensures that the random motion of particles is uniform throughout the system.

Front

What is the 3rd Law of Thermodynamics?

Back

The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics states that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a constant minimum.

Front

What is absolute zero?

Back

Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which a system's entropy reaches its minimum value, equivalent to 0 Kelvin or -273.15°C.

Front

What is entropy?

Back

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system, and it is directly related to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.

Front

What does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics state?

Back

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

Front

What does Charles' Law state?

Back

Charles' Law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

Front

If the volume of a gas increases, what happens to its temperature according to Charles' Law?

Back

As the volume goes up, the temperature goes up.

Front

What is the formula for Charles' Law?

Back

V1/T1 = V2/T2, where V is volume and T is temperature.

Front

How do you calculate the new volume of a gas when pressure changes at constant temperature?

Back

Use Boyle's Law: P1V1 = P2V2, where P is pressure and V is volume.