AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.7: Regulation of Cell Cycle

Front

What is the G2 checkpoint responsible for?

Back

The G2 checkpoint verifies that DNA has no errors and has been fully replicated before the cell enters mitosis.

Front

What is the function of the M checkpoint?

Back

The M checkpoint checks that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus at the kinetochores before proceeding with cell division.

Front

What triggers progression from the G2 checkpoint?

Back

Progression from the G2 checkpoint is stimulated when cyclin levels rise to a specific level to bind with cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs).

Front

In which phase of the cell cycle is the M checkpoint located?

Back

The M checkpoint is located in the metaphase of the cell cycle.

Front

What are proto-oncogenes?

Back

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes due to mutations or increased expression.

Front

What happens when proto-oncogenes mutate into oncogenes?

Back

When proto-oncogenes mutate into oncogenes, they can lead to uncontrolled cell division and contribute to cancer.

Front

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CdKs).

Front

What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The S phase is significant because it is the stage where DNA replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Front

What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Back

Checkpoints in the cell cycle serve to monitor and regulate the progression of the cell cycle, ensuring that conditions are favorable for division and that DNA is intact.

Front

What occurs during the metaphase of mitosis?

Back

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.