Translation Diagram

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a ribosome?

Back

A ribosome is a molecular machine found within all living cells that serves as the site of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the process of translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

Front

What amino acid is coded for by the DNA sequence GGT?

Back

The DNA sequence GGT codes for the amino acid proline.

Front

What does RNA polymerase do?

Back

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript that is translated by a ribosome; it is usually AUG, which codes for methionine.

Front

What is the significance of the stop codon?

Back

A stop codon signals the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the ribosome should release the newly formed polypeptide.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.