Inter- & Intra- molecular forces Review

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances.

Front

What are the main types of intermolecular forces?

Back

The main types of intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.

Front

Define hydrogen bonding.

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like N, O, or F) is attracted to another electronegative atom.

Front

What is a polar covalent bond?

Back

A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, leading to a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other.

Front

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

Back

A nonpolar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons equally, resulting in no charge separation.

Front

Explain the significance of electronegativity in bond formation.

Back

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond. It determines whether a bond will be polar or nonpolar based on the difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.

Front

What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and boiling/melting points?

Back

Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling and melting points because more energy is required to overcome these forces.

Front

How do London dispersion forces arise?

Back

London dispersion forces arise from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules, leading to temporary dipoles that induce attractions between neighboring molecules.

Front

What is the role of hydrogen bonding in water's properties?

Back

Hydrogen bonding in water leads to its high boiling and melting points, surface tension, and unique solvent properties.

Front

What is a dipole-dipole interaction?

Back

Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.