Photosynthesis/CR Review

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What is photosynthesis?

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water, and releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

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What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

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Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants that absorbs light energy, primarily from the sun, which is essential for the process of photosynthesis.

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What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

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The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).

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Where do the light-dependent reactions occur?

Back

The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.

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What is produced during the light-dependent reactions?

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During the light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH are produced, along with oxygen as a byproduct.

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What is the Calvin Cycle?

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The Calvin Cycle is the set of light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts, where carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

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What is the significance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?

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The proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane is crucial for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation.

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What is the main purpose of the Krebs Cycle?

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The main purpose of the Krebs Cycle is to produce electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) that are used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.

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What is glycolysis?

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Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH, and it occurs in the cytoplasm.

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What is fermentation?

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Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows cells to generate energy without oxygen, producing byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.