AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Front

What are the three parts of a signal transduction pathway?

Back

Reception, transduction, response.

Front

What is the role of cyclin in relation to CdK?

Back

Cyclin interacts with CdK to initiate the mitotic phase.

Front

How is a signal transduced to its target location in the cell?

Back

Enzymes pass phosphate groups down a series of proteins.

Front

What is the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback?

Back

Negative feedback works to reverse a change in a system.

Front

What effect does a mutation in a cell membrane receptor have on a signal transduction pathway?

Back

It would most likely reduce the response of the pathway.

Front

Define signal transduction.

Back

The process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

Front

What is the function of a receptor in signal transduction?

Back

To bind to signaling molecules (ligands) and initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the role of second messengers in signal transduction?

Back

They amplify the signal and help transmit it within the cell.

Front

Explain the concept of amplification in signal transduction.

Back

A small initial signal can lead to a large response through a cascade of molecular events.

Front

What is the significance of phosphorylation in signal transduction?

Back

Phosphorylation activates or deactivates proteins, regulating cellular processes.