IB Bio 4.1 Ecosystems

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What is an ecosystem?

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An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment, including both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.

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What are producers in an ecosystem?

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Producers are organisms, typically plants and algae, that can make their own food through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

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Define herbivores.

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Herbivores are organisms that primarily consume plants or plant-based materials for energy.

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Define carnivores.

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Carnivores are organisms that primarily consume other animals for energy.

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What is a food chain?

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A food chain is a linear sequence that shows how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

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What is a food web?

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A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem, illustrating how different organisms are related through feeding relationships.

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What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

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Decomposers break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil and making them available for producers.

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What is biodiversity?

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Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including the number of different species and their relative abundance.

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What is an autotroph?

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An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy.

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What is a trophic level?

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A trophic level is a position in a food chain or food web, defined by how an organism obtains energy (e.g., producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers).