Biology 2024 Fall Final Review

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double-stranded helix composed of nucleotides, which include a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).

Front

What sugar is found in DNA?

Back

The sugar found in DNA is deoxyribose.

Front

What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

How do muscle cells and nerve cells differ despite having the same DNA?

Back

Muscle cells and nerve cells express different genes, leading to different structures and functions.

Front

What is a homozygous genotype?

Back

A homozygous genotype consists of two identical alleles for a trait.

Front

What is a heterozygous genotype?

Back

A heterozygous genotype consists of two different alleles for a trait.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins at the ribosome.