MC DNA and RNA 2

DNA is a double helix made up of two strands of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is single-stranded and contains Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T).

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids.

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the codons in mRNA.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and there are 20 different types.

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.