Immune

Front

What are the main ways infectious diseases are transmitted?

Back

Infectious diseases can be transmitted through sneezing or coughing (airborne), contaminated drinking water, and contact with contaminated objects (like doorknobs and towels).

Front

What happens after the second exposure to a pathogen?

Back

The body can fight off the pathogen quickly because memory cells have been created after the first encounter.

Front

What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?

Back

White blood cells destroy pathogens that invade the body.

Front

What do vaccines stimulate the body to produce?

Back

Vaccines stimulate the body to produce antibodies.

Front

What is the dependent variable in a study testing the effectiveness of vaccines against the common cold?

Back

The number of colds each year.

Front

What are antibodies?

Back

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.

Front

What is the function of memory cells in the immune system?

Back

Memory cells remember past infections and help the body respond more quickly to future infections by the same pathogen.

Front

How do vaccines work?

Back

Vaccines introduce a harmless part of a pathogen to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies without causing disease.

Front

What is inflammation?

Back

Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Front

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Back

Active immunity is developed through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination, while passive immunity is acquired through antibodies from another source, like mother to baby.