AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 6.6: Gene Expression & Cell Special

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What is a promoter?

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A region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.

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What is the role of RNA polymerase in gene expression?

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RNA polymerase binds to DNA and synthesizes an RNA transcript from the DNA template.

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What does siRNA stand for?

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Small interfering RNA.

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What is the function of siRNA in gene regulation?

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siRNA binds to mRNA to inhibit translation, preventing the expression of specific genes.

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What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?

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To synthesize RNA transcripts from a DNA template.

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What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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What is translation?

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The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA templates.

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What are the main components involved in transcription?

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DNA, RNA polymerase, and transcription factors.

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What is the difference between introns and exons?

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Introns are non-coding regions of RNA that are removed during RNA processing, while exons are coding regions that remain in the final mRNA.

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What is the significance of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in mRNA?

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They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in the export of mRNA from the nucleus and in translation.