CHEMISTRY - Fall Final

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What is Dalton's Atomic Theory?

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Dalton's Atomic Theory states that matter is made up of small indivisible particles called atoms, which cannot be created or destroyed. Atoms of the same element are identical, while atoms of different elements are different. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios.

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What is the process of evaporation?

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Evaporation is the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to enter the gas phase. It occurs at any temperature and is a cooling process.

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What is condensation?

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Condensation is the process by which gas molecules lose energy and transition into the liquid phase. This occurs when the temperature drops or pressure increases.

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What is the molecular shape of water (H2O)?

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The molecular shape of water (H2O) is bent due to the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom, which repel the hydrogen atoms.

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What does it mean if a substance is insoluble?

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A substance is considered insoluble if it does not dissolve in a solvent, meaning it cannot form a homogeneous solution.

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What is the difference between soluble and insoluble substances?

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Soluble substances can dissolve in a solvent, forming a solution, while insoluble substances cannot dissolve and remain separate.

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What is the significance of thermal energy in phase changes?

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Thermal energy affects the state of matter; adding thermal energy can cause a substance to change from solid to liquid (melting) or liquid to gas (evaporation), while removing thermal energy can cause gas to liquid (condensation) or liquid to solid (freezing).

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What is the molecular formula for boron trifluoride?

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The molecular formula for boron trifluoride is BF3.

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What is a trigonal planar molecular shape?

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A trigonal planar molecular shape occurs when a central atom is bonded to three other atoms, with all bonds in the same plane and 120-degree angles between them.

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What is a trigonal pyramidal molecular shape?

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A trigonal pyramidal molecular shape occurs when a central atom is bonded to three other atoms and has one lone pair of electrons, resulting in a pyramid-like structure.