NC EOC Review: DNA Fingerprinting & Gel Electrophoresis

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What is DNA fingerprinting?

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DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles, which are created by analyzing specific regions of DNA that vary among individuals.

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What is gel electrophoresis?

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Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge by applying an electric field to a gel matrix.

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What are restriction enzymes?

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Restriction enzymes are proteins that act as molecular scissors to cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the analysis and manipulation of DNA.

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How do lighter-weight DNA fragments behave in gel electrophoresis?

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Lighter-weight DNA fragments move faster and are found closer to the bottom of the gel during electrophoresis.

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What is the purpose of using agarose gel in electrophoresis?

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Agarose gel provides a medium through which DNA fragments can migrate, allowing for their separation based on size.

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What is the significance of DNA fragment size in fingerprinting?

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The size of DNA fragments is crucial in fingerprinting as it helps differentiate between individuals based on the unique patterns of their DNA.

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What role does an electric current play in gel electrophoresis?

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An electric current causes the negatively charged DNA fragments to move towards the positive electrode, facilitating their separation in the gel.

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What is the relationship between DNA fragment size and migration distance in gel electrophoresis?

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Smaller DNA fragments migrate further through the gel than larger fragments due to less resistance in the gel matrix.

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What is the first step in DNA fingerprinting?

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The first step in DNA fingerprinting is extracting DNA from a sample, such as blood, hair, or saliva.

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How can DNA fingerprints be used in forensic science?

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DNA fingerprints can be used in forensic science to match biological samples from crime scenes to suspects, helping to identify or exonerate individuals.