Earth Science Flashcard S1 #3

Front

What is a clastic sedimentary rock?

Back

A clastic sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation and lithification of fragments (clasts) of pre-existing rocks and minerals. Example: Conglomerate.

Front

What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?

Back

Foliation is the alignment of minerals within a metamorphic rock, resulting in a layered or banded appearance.

Front

What are bedding planes in sedimentary rocks?

Back

Bedding planes are the layers that are visible in sedimentary rocks, formed by the deposition of sediment over time.

Front

What is lithification?

Back

Lithification is the process that transforms loose sediment into solid rock through compaction and cementation.

Front

What process leads to the formation of igneous rocks?

Back

Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).

Front

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Back

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, while erosion is the movement of those particles from one location to another.

Front

What is metamorphism?

Back

Metamorphism is the process by which existing rocks are transformed into metamorphic rocks due to heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.

Front

What are the main types of sedimentary rocks?

Back

The main types of sedimentary rocks are clastic, chemical, and organic.

Front

What is the role of compaction in sedimentary rock formation?

Back

Compaction reduces the volume of sediment by squeezing out water and air, helping to form solid rock.

Front

What is the significance of mineral alignment in metamorphic rocks?

Back

Mineral alignment in metamorphic rocks can indicate the conditions of pressure and temperature during metamorphism.