Cell Communication

Front

What is the function of the second messenger IP3?

Back

IP3 binds to and opens ligand-gated channels.

Front

What type of signaling is characterized by local effects on nearby cells?

Back

Paracrine signaling.

Front

How do neurons send signals to each other?

Back

Neurons send signals through local signaling across the synaptic cleft using neurotransmitters.

Front

Which signaling pathway is commonly targeted by human medicines?

Back

G-protein pathways.

Front

When is a G protein considered active?

Back

A G protein is active when GTP is bound to it.

Front

What is the role of cAMP in cell signaling?

Back

cAMP acts as a second messenger that transmits signals from receptors to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

Define synaptic signaling.

Back

Synaptic signaling is a form of communication between neurons where neurotransmitters are released across the synaptic cleft.

Front

What is the difference between paracrine and endocrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling affects nearby cells, while endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant targets.

Front

What are receptor tyrosine kinases?

Back

Receptor tyrosine kinases are a class of cell surface receptors that, when bound by a ligand, activate their intrinsic kinase activity, leading to phosphorylation of tyrosine residues.

Front

Explain the role of calcium ions in cell signaling.

Back

Calcium ions act as a secondary messenger in various signaling pathways, influencing processes such as muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release.