Chemistry final review

Front

What type of reaction is represented by the equation 2 KClO₃(s) → 2 KCl(s) + 3 O₂(g)?

Back

Decomposition reaction: A reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products.

Front

What is activation energy in a chemical reaction?

Back

Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

Front

What is the ground state electron configuration for Sodium (Na)?

Back

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹: This configuration shows the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals.

Front

In the Haber process, what effect does removing hydrogen have on ammonia production?

Back

Removing hydrogen decreases the production of ammonia (NH₃) because it shifts the equilibrium to the left.

Front

What particle is needed to balance the nuclear equation 27/13Al + 4/2He --> 30/15P + ?

Back

1/0n (neutron): This balances the atomic and mass numbers in the nuclear reaction.

Front

Define a synthesis reaction in chemistry.

Back

A synthesis reaction is a type of chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

Front

What is the significance of the ΔH value in a chemical reaction?

Back

ΔH represents the change in enthalpy, indicating whether a reaction is exothermic (releases heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat).

Front

What does a potential energy diagram illustrate?

Back

A potential energy diagram illustrates the energy changes during a chemical reaction, including activation energy and the energy of reactants and products.

Front

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

Back

A physical change alters the form of a substance without changing its chemical composition, while a chemical change results in the formation of new substances.

Front

What is Le Chatelier's principle?

Back

Le Chatelier's principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, the system will adjust to counteract the disturbance and restore equilibrium.