1.4 Observational & Experimental Studies

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What is an independent variable?

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An independent variable is the factor that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

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What is a dependent variable?

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A dependent variable is the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment, which is affected by changes in the independent variable.

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a type of research where the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables.

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What is an experimental study?

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An experimental study is a type of research where the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable.

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What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

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A control group is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do, ensuring that the results are due to the independent variable.

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What is a hypothesis?

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A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

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What is the significance of random assignment in experiments?

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Random assignment helps ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group, reducing bias and increasing the validity of the results.

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What is a confounding variable?

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A confounding variable is an outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions.

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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

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Qualitative data is descriptive and conceptual, while quantitative data is numerical and can be measured.

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What is a sample in research?

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A sample is a subset of a population selected for observation and analysis in a study.