AP Biology - Unit 4 - Cell Communication & Cell Cycle

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane acts as a barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Front

Define centromere.

Back

A centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Front

What is the role of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk) in the cell cycle?

Back

Cdk are enzymes that, when activated by cyclins, help regulate the progression of the cell cycle.

Front

Describe the function of the spindle apparatus during mitosis.

Back

The spindle apparatus helps separate the chromosomes by attaching to the centromeres and pulling the sister chromatids apart.

Front

List the phases of the cell cycle in order.

Back

G1 -> S -> G2 -> Mitosis -> Cytokinesis.

Front

What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During G1, the cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.

Front

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes.

Front

What is the significance of the G2 phase?

Back

In the G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis, ensuring all DNA is replicated and undamaged.

Front

Explain the process of cytokinesis.

Back

Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

Front

What is the role of MPF (Maturation Promoting Factor) in the cell cycle?

Back

MPF is a complex of cyclin and Cdk that triggers the cell's entry into mitosis.