Unit 4: Cell Communication & The Cell Cycle Review

Front

What is the source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

ATP

Front

Which process does not occur during mitosis?

Back

Replication of DNA

Front

If the DNA of a 2n cell in the G1 phase is x, what is the DNA of that cell in metaphase?

Back

2x

Front

Which of the following does not contribute to cancer?

Back

Tumor suppressor genes mutated to stay on

Front

What is the general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein?

Back

Protein kinase

Front

What is the role of protein phosphatases in cell signaling?

Back

They remove phosphate groups from proteins, reversing the action of kinases.

Front

Define proto-oncogenes.

Back

Normal genes that can become oncogenes due to mutations or increased expression.

Front

What is the function of tumor suppressor genes?

Back

They regulate cell division and prevent uncontrolled cell growth.

Front

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.

Front

What is the significance of the spindle apparatus during mitosis?

Back

It helps separate sister chromatids and ensures proper chromosome distribution.