Proteins - Bio

Front

What type of RNA carries the DNA message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is the type of RNA that carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is made during transcription and what is made during translation?

Back

During transcription, mRNA is made, and during translation, a protein is made.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is a substrate in the context of enzyme activity?

Back

A substrate is any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme in a biochemical reaction.

Front

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Back

The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs.

Front

Define protein synthesis.

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to form a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is the difference between mRNA and tRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, while tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.