AP Biology: Unit 5 Review

Front

What phase of meiosis describes the law of segregation?

Back

Anaphase I is the phase of meiosis where the law of segregation occurs, as homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.

Front

What is the probability that offspring from a cross of X^H X^h and X^H Y will have hemophilia?

Back

1/4 of the offspring will have hemophilia.

Front

Human eggs and sperm are _____, and each has ____ chromosomes.

Back

Human eggs and sperm are haploid, and each has 23 chromosomes.

Front

What is each identical side of a chromosome called?

Back

Each identical side of a chromosome is called a chromatid.

Front

When does the process of independent assortment take place?

Back

The process of independent assortment takes place during metaphase I of meiosis.

Front

Define haploid.

Back

Haploid refers to a cell that has half the number of chromosomes, specifically one set (n). In humans, this is 23 chromosomes.

Front

Define diploid.

Back

Diploid refers to a cell that has two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (2n). In humans, this is 46 chromosomes.

Front

What is the role of the centromere in a chromosome?

Back

The centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Front

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

Back

Crossing over increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I.

Front

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells.