Water Ecosystem and Nutrients

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Nutrients

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Substances that help plants and phytoplankton grow, like nitrogen and phosphorus.

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Fertilizer

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A product farmers use to help plants grow; it contains nutrients.

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Dead Zone

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An area in water where animals can’t live because there’s not enough oxygen.

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Pollution

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Harmful substances like fertilizer or waste that get into water.

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Role of Phytoplankton

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Add oxygen to water through photosynthesis.

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Cellular respiration

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The process by which plant cells break down sugar (glucose) using oxygen to produce energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as waste products.

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Cellular respiration equation

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C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy}

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Role of decomposers

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Bacteria and fungi break down organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

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Example of thawing permafrost

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In Siberia, thawing permafrost reveals centuries-old plant material that burns despite snowy conditions.

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Thawing permafrost

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Caused by rising global temperatures, exposing organic material that can burn.