Key Concepts in Experimental Design

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Experimental Design

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A methodical approach to testing hypotheses through controlled and natural experiments.

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Experimental Group

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The group in an experiment subjected to the variable being tested.

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Control Group

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The group in an experiment that remains unchanged and serves as a baseline.

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Hypothesis

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A testable prediction based on observations.

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Theory

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A well-substantiated explanation of natural phenomena based on repeated evidence.

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Variables

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Factors in an experiment that can be manipulated or measured.

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Controlled Experiment

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An experiment in which only one variable is changed to test its effect.

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Natural Experiment

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Observational research where natural circumstances serve as the experimental setting.