2.8 Intelligence

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Intelligence

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The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

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General intelligence (g)

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According to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

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Intelligence quotient (IQ)

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Defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.

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Fluid Intelligence (Gf)

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Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood.

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Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)

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Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

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Savant Syndrome

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A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.

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Grit

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In psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

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Emotional Intelligence

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In psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

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Mental age

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A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age.

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Psychometric

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The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.