DNA/ RNA Review

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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins by carrying instructions from DNA.

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What are the four bases of DNA?

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The four bases of DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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What are the four bases of RNA?

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The four bases of RNA are adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA).

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

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What is an amino acid?

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An amino acid is a building block of proteins, consisting of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain.

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What is the difference between DNA replication and transcription?

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DNA replication is the process of copying the entire DNA molecule, while transcription is the process of creating a complementary RNA strand from a specific DNA segment.