MP3 4 Weeks Study Guide

Front

Place the processes in the formation of sedimentary rock in the correct order.

Back

weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction

Answer explanation

The correct order is weathering (breaking down rocks), erosion (transporting sediments), deposition (laying down sediments), and compaction (pressing sediments together). Thus, the right choice is 'weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction'.

Front

Metamorphic rock is formed through _______ and _______.

Back

heat, pressure

Answer explanation

Metamorphic rock is formed through heat and pressure, which alter existing rocks without melting them. This process distinguishes metamorphic rocks from those formed by compaction, cementation, melting, or erosion.

Front

Rock A would be identified as a _______ rock because they form by being compacted and cemented together.

Back

sedimentary

Answer explanation

Rock A would be identified as a sedimentary rock because sedimentary rocks form through the processes of compaction and cementation of particles and organic materials.

Front

Rock B would be identified as a _______ rock because they are formed when magma from a volcanic eruption cools down.

Back

igneous

Answer explanation

Rock B would be identified as an igneous rock because igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies, typically after a volcanic eruption.

Front

When magma cools down, what type of rock will it become?

Back

Igneous

Answer explanation

When magma cools down, it solidifies to form igneous rock. This process is fundamental in the rock cycle, distinguishing igneous rocks from sedimentary and metamorphic types.

Front

In the diagram of the layers of the Earth, how is the heat being transferred?

Back

Convection

Answer explanation

Heat is transferred in the Earth's layers primarily through convection, where hot material rises and cooler material sinks, creating a continuous cycle. This process effectively distributes heat within the Earth's interior.

Front

Which of the following layers is labeled as A?

Back

inner core

Answer explanation

The inner core is the innermost layer of the Earth, composed primarily of iron and nickel. It is solid due to the immense pressure, distinguishing it from the outer core, which is liquid.

Front

Which of the following statements is true of the four spheres of Earth?

Back

The four spheres of Earth are very closely connected and a change in one often affects another.

Answer explanation

The correct statement highlights that the four spheres of Earth—atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere—are interconnected. Changes in one sphere can significantly impact the others, demonstrating their interdependence.

Front

Audrey's snowballs belong to which of the Earth's spheres?

Back

hydrosphere

Answer explanation

Audrey's snowballs are made of snow, which is water in solid form. This places them in the hydrosphere, which includes all water-related forms on Earth, unlike the other spheres which pertain to living organisms, land, or air.

Front

This diagram shows the gases that make up Earth's atmosphere. The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is ______.

Back

Nitrogen

Answer explanation

The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen, which makes up about 78% of the atmosphere. This is significantly more than other gases like oxygen and argon.