Labor Movements and Unions in the United States

Front

The Knights of Labor's stance on immigration.

Back

Opposed immigration restrictions, viewing immigrants as competitors for lower wages.

Front

AFL's "closed shop" policy.

Back

Employers promised to hire only union members.

Front

The Knights of Labor's view on child labor.

Back

Opposed child labor and convict labor.

Front

AFL's initial refusal to admit African Americans.

Back

Only a few unions admitted African Americans in early years.

Front

Gompers believed workers should band together to speak in a single voice.

Back

The importance of unity among workers.

Front

The American Federation of Labor initially excluded unskilled workers.

Back

Impact of exclusion on labor movements.

Front

Organized labor used tactics like picket lines to win public support.

Back

Methods employed by organized labor.

Front

Union members made contributions to support themselves during strikes.

Back

Financial strategies of union members.

Front

Strike-breakers were often African-American or immigrant workers.

Back

Demographics of strike-breakers.

Front

Employers hired Pinkertons to spy on union leaders and break up strikes.

Back

Role of Pinkertons in labor conflicts.