Key Figures and Concepts of the Scientific Revolution

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Nicolaus Copernicus

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Developed the heliocentric theory, stating that the Earth and planets revolve around the sun.

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Galileo Galilei

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Improved the telescope, supported the heliocentric theory, and studied planetary motion.

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Johannes Kepler

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Discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits rather than perfect circles.

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Isaac Newton

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Formulated the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation.

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Francis Bacon

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Developed the scientific method, emphasizing observation and experimentation.

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Heliocentric Theory

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The sun is the center of the solar system.

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Elliptical Orbits

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Planets move in elliptical orbits rather than perfect circles.

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Universal Gravitation

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Newton's law stating that every mass attracts every other mass in the universe.

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Importance of Galileo’s telescope

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It allowed him to see Jupiter’s moons and supported the heliocentric theory.

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Kepler’s discovery about planetary motion

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He showed that planets move in elliptical orbits, not perfect circles.