3.9 Vocab (Social/Cognitive/Neurological Factors in Learning)

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Social Learning Theory

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A theory developed by Albert Bandura that suggests people can learn new behaviors by observing and imitating others, without direct reinforcement.

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Observational Learning

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Learning by watching others and imitating their actions. It is a key component of social learning theory.

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Modeling

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The process of imitating the behavior of another person. The model can be a parent, teacher, peer, or media figure.

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Vicarious Conditioning

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Learning through observing someone else being rewarded or punished for a behavior.

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Cognitive Learning

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A type of learning that involves mental processes such as thinking, memory, problem-solving, and understanding concepts.

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Insight Learning

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A sudden realization of how to solve a problem without trial and error, often occurring unexpectedly.

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Latent Learning

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Learning that occurs but is not demonstrated until it becomes useful or necessary, as shown in Tolman’s rat experiments with cognitive maps.

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Reinforcement

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A stimulus or event that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again (positive = adding something desirable, negative = removing something undesirable).

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Punishment

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A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again (positive = adding something undesirable, negative = removing something desirable).

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Cognitive Maps

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A mental representation of physical locations, often demonstrated in latent learning when rats learned maze layouts without immediate reinforcement.