Emancipation and Civil War Policies

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Members of the old Southern elite returned to power under Johnson's Plan.

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Known as Redeemers.

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Radical Republicans proposed the Wade-Davis Bill.

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Vetoed by Lincoln in 1864.

Would have forced 50% of white voters to swear loyalty to Union

AND

Forced Southern state constitutions to add African American voting rights

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The Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

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Ended Presidential Reconstruction under Johnson.

Divided the South into 5 military districts

Each state had to write a new state constitution that protected African American rights

Had to add the 14th Amendment

Front

Lincoln's 10% Plan

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Plan that needed only 10% (1 out of every ten voters) to swear loyalty to the Union to be forgiven and rejoin.

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13th Amendment

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Ended legal slavery in the United States.

Front

14th Amendment

Back

Provided citizenship and equal protection for all born in the US. (Birthright citizenship)

Front

15th Amendment

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Ensured voting rights regardless of race or previous enslavement.

Front

Beliefs and Laws

Back

Laws alone do not change people's beliefs.

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Impact of 1866 Republican victory

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Enhanced African American roles in Southern political, economic, and social life

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State legislatures

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Over 600 African Americans elected during Reconstruction