Unit 6 Exam Review

Front

What is gel electrophoresis?

Back

A laboratory technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size by applying an electric field.

Front

In gel electrophoresis, where do the largest DNA fragments appear?

Back

Closest to the starting wells.

Front

What is a plasmid?

Back

A circular piece of DNA found in bacteria that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.

Front

What is a single base-pair substitution mutation?

Back

A mutation that replaces one nucleotide with another in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a challenge associated with bacterial transformation?

Back

Stability of introduced genes.

Front

What is the role of restriction enzymes?

Back

Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in genetic engineering.

Front

What is the purpose of DNA fingerprinting?

Back

To identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA.

Front

What is the function of a DNA probe?

Back

A labeled fragment of DNA used to detect the presence of complementary sequences in a sample.

Front

What is the significance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Back

A technique used to amplify small segments of DNA, making millions of copies for analysis.

Front

What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

Back

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein, while an allele is a variant form of a gene.