APWH Unit 3 Vocabulary Flashcard

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A Chinese dynasty (1368–1644) that overthrew the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty, restoring Chinese rule, expanding maritime exploration under Zheng He, and reinforcing the Great Wall.

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Ming Dynasty

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A group from northeast Asia who conquered China in 1644, establishing the Qing Dynasty and ruling as a distinct ethnic minority over the Han Chinese population.

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Manchu

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The last imperial dynasty of China (1644–1912), ruled by the Manchus, known for territorial expansion and resistance to Western influence.

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Qing Dynasty

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One of the longest-reigning Qing emperors (1661–1722), who expanded China's borders, stabilized the empire, and promoted Confucian scholarship.

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Kangxi

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A Qing ruler (1735–1796) who oversaw military conquests and economic prosperity but later faced internal corruption and the decline of Qing authority.

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Emperor Qianlong

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A 15th-century invention by Johannes Gutenberg that revolutionized literacy and the spread of knowledge by making books more accessible and increasing literacy rates in Europe.

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Gutenberg Printing Press

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A term for the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires, which relied on gunpowder weaponry to establish and maintain their rule.

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Gunpowder Empires

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A powerful Islamic empire (c. 1299–1922) that expanded across Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, reaching its peak under Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Ottoman Empire

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The Persian title for a king, used by rulers of the Safavid Empire and later Iranian dynasties.

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Shah

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A Shi’a Muslim dynasty (1501–1736) that ruled Persia (modern-day Iran) and engaged in conflicts with the Sunni Ottoman Empire.

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Safavid Empire