Front

What is the axial skeleton?

Back

The axial skeleton consists of the bones that form the long axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Front

What is the function of the sternum?

Back

The sternum serves as a central point of attachment for the ribs and provides protection for the heart and lungs.

Front

What is the xiphoid process?

Back

The xiphoid process is the small, cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum, which ossifies with age and serves as a site for muscle attachment.

Front

Which vertebrae allow for rotation of the spine?

Back

The thoracic vertebrae allow for rotation due to the orientation of their articular facets.

Front

What is the dens and where is it located?

Back

The dens, or odontoid process, is a bony projection of the second cervical vertebra (C2, Axis) that projects superiorly into the anterior arch of the first cervical vertebra (C1, Atlas).

Front

At what age does the xiphoid process typically ossify?

Back

The xiphoid process typically ossifies by the age of 40.

Front

Does the hyoid bone articulate with any other bones?

Back

No, the hyoid bone does not articulate directly with any other bone; it is suspended by muscles and ligaments.

Front

What are the primary components of the vertebral column?

Back

The vertebral column is composed of 33 vertebrae, including cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.

Front

What is the role of intervertebral discs?

Back

Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers between vertebrae and allow for flexibility and movement of the spine.

Front

What is the significance of the cervical vertebrae?

Back

Cervical vertebrae support the head and allow for a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, and rotation.