Which of the following is the best example of a tragedy of the commons? Options: Depletion of crude oil on private lands, Requiring permits for grazing cattle on United States parklands, Eutrophication of a pond on a farmer’s land, Accumulation of plastics in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Accumulation of plastics in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

Which of the following correctly pairs a greenhouse gas with its primary anthropogenic source? Methane and vehicular emissions, Nitrous oxide and agricultural practices, Chlorofluorocarbons and fossil fuel combustion, Carbon dioxide and municipal solid waste from homes

Nitrous oxide and agricultural practices

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of using genetically engineered crops over crops that are not genetically modified? Genetically engineered plants can decrease the genetic diversity of the crop, Genetically engineered plants require greater use of pesticides, Genetically engineered plants require more land to grow on, Genetically engineered plants are more likely to spread disease throughout the crop

Genetically engineered plants can decrease the genetic diversity of the crop

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem? Options: The total number of individuals of a single animal species, The density of individuals in a hectare, The total number of different plant species, The soil depth at which burrowing insects are located

The total number of different plant species

Which of the following best describes a natural process that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere? Options: Plants excrete carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, Carbon dioxide is released from the interior of Earth during volcanic eruptions, Decomposition of sediments into ocean basins release carbon dioxide from rock, Burial of dead plants and animals in swamps and bogs allows carbon dioxide to escape to the atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is released from the interior of Earth during volcanic eruptions.

Which of the following correctly identifies the type of habitat change(s) shown within each potential scenario in the diagram? Options: Scenario 1 experienced habitat fragmentation, while Scenarios 2 and 3 experienced habitat loss only.; Scenarios 1 and 2 experienced habitat loss, while Scenarios 3 experienced habitat fragmentation only.; All scenarios experienced habitat loss, but only Scenario 3 experienced habitat fragmentation.; All scenarios experienced habitat fragmentation, but only Scenario 2 experienced habitat loss.

All scenarios experienced habitat loss, but only Scenario 3 experienced habitat fragmentation.

Which of the following would be most likely to occur in the scenarios that have experienced habitat loss and/or fragmentation in the diagram? Options: Increase in territory size of large mammals, Increase in genetic diversity of native species, Decrease in the number of specialist species, Decrease in the abundance of invasive species

Decrease in the number of specialist species

Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for the changes shown in Scenario 3? Options: Native species were replanted in the areas, which led to fewer niches. Roads and electric power lines subdivided the landscape into smaller pieces and decreased the amount of available habitat. Roads and electric power lines subdivided the landscape into smaller pieces and decreased the amount of available habitat. Habitat corridors were built to allow individuals between populations to mate, which helped to prevent inbreeding and reduce the genetic diversity often found in isolated populations.

Roads and electric power lines subdivided the landscape into smaller pieces and decreased the amount of available habitat.

Which of the following is a possible effect of global climate change as illustrated in Scenario 1? Increased sea level would reduce the size of the habitat patches. Increased carbon dioxide availability spurs plant growth, which would increase habitat size. Decreased temperatures would cause unsuitable abiotic conditions. Decreased precipitation would eliminate habitat patches.

Increased sea level would reduce the size of the habitat patches.

Which of the following best describes a supporting ecological service provided by wetlands: Wetlands serve as a source of aesthetic inspiration for art and literature. Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms. Wetlands provide opportunities for ecotourism, which provides revenue to the local economy. Wetlands serve as a major reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle.

Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms.

Buildings designed to partially heat rooms by passive solar heating rely on

materials that absorb and store solar energy to warm the room

Which of the following best describes the change in the elk population since the introduction of wolves into Yellowstone in 1995? Options: The elk population steadily increased in numbers, The elk population steadily decreased in numbers, The elk pop remained stable, experiencing little changes, The elk population reached carrying capacity and experienced overshoot

The elk population steadily decreased in numbers

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone?

Wolves leaving the park may prey on livestock in grazing land outside the park.

Based on the diagrams above, which of the following best explains how urban runoff could be decreased? Options: Decrease the number of trees in urban areas to increase ground infiltration. Increase the number of trees to decrease the amount of evapotranspiration. Replace traditional pavement with more porous pavement to increase ground infiltration. Replace more porous pavement with traditional pavement to decrease the amount of evapotranspiration.

Replace traditional pavement with more porous pavement to increase ground infiltration.

Which of the following correctly explains a positive climate feedback loop found in the Arctic? Increased melting of permafrost increases Earth’s ability to absorb methane gas, which decreases greenhouse warming and decreases the melting of permafrost., Increased global temperatures lead to decreased sea ice coverage and decreased albedo, which further increases global temperatures., Increased evaporation and cloud formation decreases the amount of solar energy reaching the surface of Earth, which leads to cooler temperatures at the surface and decreased evaporation and cloud formation., Increased precipitation increases the size of high albedo snowpack in polar regions, which leads to increased habitat for Arctic organisms such as polar bears.

Increased global temperatures lead to decreased sea ice coverage and decreased albedo, which further increases global temperatures.

If Earth's axis changed from 23.5 degrees to 20 degrees, what would be expected to occur?

Earth would experience a change in seasonal timing and length.

Which of the following accurately describes a benefit of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)? Options: 1. Concentrated animal feeding operations produce a large amount of manure, which is then often held in large manure lagoons. 2. The animals raised in concentrated animal feeding operations are usually grass-fed and therefore less susceptible to disease. 3. Concentrated animal feeding operations are efficient and relatively low-cost facilities that help keep consumer costs low. 4. When animals are kept in large concentrations in a small area, the water quality of local waterways is protected from excess runoff.

Concentrated animal feeding operations are efficient and relatively low-cost facilities that help keep consumer costs low.

Which of the following best identifies and describes the process that is illustrated in the diagram above? Options: Primary succession, because the result is a mature forest with a variety of shade-intolerant shrubs and grasses, Primary succession, because the process in the diagram begins with bare rock., Secondary succession, because intermediate plant species like grasses and weeds are present, Secondary succession, because the result is a mature forest with a variety of shade-tolerant trees

Primary succession, because the process in the diagram begins with bare rock.

Which of the following best describes the roles of moss in the transition to stage III of the process? It serves as a soil seed bank in the leaf litter, It breaks down rock and adds organic nutrients to the soil, It provides shade and reduces surface temperatures, It provides habitat for birds and mammals

It breaks down rock and adds organic nutrients to the soil

Which of the following would most likely neutralize the effect of acid rain on bodies of water, based on the composition of soils and bedrock in the region? Options: An area downwind of a coal-burning electrical plant, A valley that is frequently shrouded in fog, A forest underlain by limestone, An open plain underlain by granite

A forest underlain by limestone

Which of the following best describes a density-independent factor that controls population size? Competition for resources like food and water, Infectious disease transmission, Occurrences of droughts and flooding, Reduced availability of habitat

Occurrences of droughts and flooding

Scientists want to investigate whether the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the ocean affects fish survival. Scientists suspect immature fish larvae may be most affected by increased carbon dioxide concentrations. Which of the following best identifies a testable hypothesis for the investigation? Options: The decreasing pH of the ocean water will decrease the survivorship of fish, The decreasing temperature of the ocean water will increase the survivorship of fish larvae, There will be a greater percentage of fish larvae that survive than mature fish that survive, The increasing carbon dioxide concentrations will increase the density of adult fish skeletons.

The decreasing pH of the ocean water will decrease the survivorship of fish

Which of the following best interprets the results in the graph in relation to the given hypothesis? Options: The results support the researchers’ hypothesis because there is a greater biodiversity at sites with cane toads. The results support the researchers’ hypothesis because there is a greater biodiversity at sites without cane toads. The results do not support the researchers’ hypothesis because there is less biodiversity at sites with cane toads. The results do not support the researchers’ hypothesis because there is less biodiversity at sites without cane toads.

The results support the researchers’ hypothesis because there is a greater biodiversity at sites without cane toads.

Which of the following describes an unintended, negative consequence of the introduction of silver carp into the United States? Silver carp decreased the amount of algae and aquatic vegetation in ponds and lagoons in the southern United States. Silver carp populations in the United States are likely to become endangered as a result of limited prey resources in the new environment. Silver carp became a keystone species and created more biodiversity in lakes and rivers in the southeastern United States. Silver carp became an invasive species in the United States because their numbers were not being controlled by natural predators.

Silver carp became an invasive species in the United States because their numbers were not being controlled by natural predators.

A farm is experiencing extensive crop loss due to high rains causing overly saturated soils. Which approach would best help the farmer alleviate the problem? Options: Fertilizing the area with manure to eliminate the need for inorganic chemical fertilizers, Amending the soil with clay to increase the water-holding capacity of the soil, Amending the soil with sand to increase the permeability of the soil, Using contour plowing to decrease soil erosion

Amending the soil with sand to increase the permeability of the soil

Which of the following best describes a potential unintended negative consequence of implementing measures to control acid deposition? A reduction in environmental lead, leading to decreased negative health effects in humans and wildlife; A reduction in sulfur for crops as a result of less acidic rainfall, leading to an increased need for sulfur supplements; A reduction in mortality rates in freshwater aquatic organisms from an increase in pH of the water; A reduction in acid mine drainage, resulting from a reduced need for nuclear fuel and uranium mining

A reduction in sulfur for crops as a result of less acidic rainfall, leading to an increased need for sulfur supplements

Which of the following best describes a potential unintended negative consequence of implementing measures to control acid deposition? A reduction in environmental lead, leading to decreased negative health effects in humans and wildlife, A reduction in sulfur for crops as a result of less acidic rainfall, leading to an increased need for sulfur supplements, A reduction in mortality rates in freshwater aquatic organisms from an increase in pH of the water, A reduction in acid mine drainage, resulting from a reduced need for nuclear fuel and uranium mining

A reduction in sulfur for crops as a result of less acidic rainfall, leading to an increased need for sulfur supplements

Why can macroinvertebrate sampling be used to assess the overall health of a stream?

Macroinvertebrates live in an aquatic ecosystem for a long enough time to show the chronic effects of pollutants, and many tend to remain in the same area throughout their life span.

AP Environmental Science Exam Review Flashcards

Student preview

65 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What type of energy is considered a nonrenewable source? Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Nuclear

Back

Nuclear

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

This type of energy utilizes heat that is stored beneath Earth’s surface to heat water and produce steam.

Back

Geothermal

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

This energy source is used to generate electricity with photovoltaic (PV) cells.

Back

Solar

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which curve in the graph best represents a K-selected species?

Back

A

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Dandelions grow quickly and produce many seeds, ensuring that at least some plants will survive and produce seeds themselves. Which curve best represents the survivorship of dandelions?

Back

D

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Certain lizards display a survivorship curve where the chance of survival is independent of age. Which line on the graph best depicts the survivorship of these lizards?

Back

C

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

This is the location of the world’s largest hydroelectric dam, with a generating capacity of 22,500 MW

Back

C

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